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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - French Guiana (2001)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z French Guiana (2001)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)French Guiana (2001)
 Arctic OceanFrench Guiana
Administrative divisions - none (overseas department of France)
Age structure - 0-14 years:
30.47% (male 27,669; female 26,428)

15-64 years:
64.05% (male 61,457; female 52,266)

65 years and over:
5.48% (male 4,937; female 4,805) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - rice, manioc (tapioca), sugar, cocoa, vegetables, bananas; cattle, pigs, poultry
Airports - 11 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
total:
91,000 sq km

land:
89,150 sq km

water:
1,850 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US slightly smaller than Indiana
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. First settled by the French in 1604, French Guiana was the site of notorious penal settlements until 1951. The European Space Agency launches its communication satellites from Kourou.
Birth rate - 22.02 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$225 million

expenditures:
$390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996)
Capital - Cayenne
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 45,389 km 378 km
Constitution - 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name - conventional long form:
Department of Guiana

conventional short form:
French Guiana

local long form:
none

local short form:
Guyane
Currency - French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)
Death rate - 4.77 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $1.2 billion (1988)
Dependency status - overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa)
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. The economy is tied closely to that of France through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry which provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated; rice and manioc are the major crops. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers.
Electricity - consumption - 409.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 440 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Bellevue de l'Inini 851 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack NA
Ethnic groups - black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%
Exchange rates - Euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since NA January 1997)

head of government:
President of the General Council Andre LECANTE (since NA March 1998); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (since 22 March 1992)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; presidents of the General and Regional Councils are appointed by the members of those councils
Exports - $155 million (f.o.b., 1997)
Exports - commodities - shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing
Exports - partners - France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (1997)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - the flag of France is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $6,000 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 4 00 N, 53 00 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months mostly an unsettled wilderness
Highways - total:
1,817 km

paved:
817 km

unpaved:
1,000 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe
Imports - $625 million (c.i.f., 1997)
Imports - commodities - food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and chemicals
Imports - partners - France 52%, US 14%, Trinidad and Tobago 6% (1997)
Independence - none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining
Infant mortality rate - 13.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.5% (1992)
International organization participation - FZ, WCL, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land - 20 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)
Labor force - 58,800 (1997)
Labor force - by occupation - services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 18.2% (1980)
Land boundaries - total:
1,183 km

border countries:
Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km
Land use - arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
90%

other:
10% (1996 est.)
Languages - French
Legal system - French legal system
Legislative branch - unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%, various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6, independents 3, Walwari Committee 2

note:
one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1, PSG 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
76.3 years

male:
72.97 years

female:
79.79 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83%

male:
84%

female:
82% (1982 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname
Map references Arctic Region South America
Maritime claims - exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - French Forces, Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
49,495 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
32,052 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality - noun:
French Guianese (singular and plural)

adjective:
French Guianese
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish
Net migration rate - 10.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Guianese Socialist Party or PSG [Antoine KARAM]; Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Roland HO-WEN-SZE]; Socialist Party or PS [Pierre RIBARDIERE] (may be a subset of PSG); Walwari Committee [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 177,562 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.74% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 14 (including 6 repeaters), shortwave 6 (including 5 repeaters) (1998)
Radios - 104,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km (1995)
Religions - Roman Catholic
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.18 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.03 male(s)/female

total population:
1.13 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
fair open wire and microwave radio relay system

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 47,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - 3 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains
Total fertility rate - 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 21.4% (1998)
Waterways - 3,300 km navigable by native craft

note:
460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers
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